How I published a fake paper, and why it is the fault of our education system

I am currently too upset to be able to do a good job of writing this article concisely and effectively, so please be patient and read the whole rambling thing. Note also: I’m not upset about the existence of one such conference – the real problem are the publish-or-perish rules in colleges/universities that are forcing the students to such conferences (of which there must be hundreds). Update: Mid-Day has done an article on this issue – you can check that out.

Consider this: http://iraj.in/Conference/2013/Pune/ICRIEST/

Seems like an impressive conference, and getting a paper published in this conference should be a big achievement on any student’s resume, right?

Wrong.

We submitted to two fake papers to this conference – one was complete gibberish auto-generated by using the online fake paper generator at SCIGen, while the other was auto-generated gibberish interspersed with completely ridiculous statements, movie dialogues, and other random things. Both these papers where accepted by this conference. We paid the conference registration fee for one of the papers, and that was published in the conference proceedings, and we did not pay the registration fee for the other paper, so that paper was not published by them. The conference fee is Rs. 6000 for M.Tech. students (but we managed to get a 50% discount just by haggling with them in the same way we haggle with vegetable vendors).

Note: the paper that actually got published is such that anyone reading past paragraph #2 of the paper will realize it is complete nonsense. You be the judge of whether a paper like this should be acceptable to any conference which claims that papers are “peer reviewed and evaluated based on originality, technical and/or research content/depth, correctness, relevance to conference, contributions, and readability”

I would recommend you read the whole paper, but even if you don’t, note the following things:

  • Paragraph #2 of the introduction, on the first page itself, says: You should read any paragraph that starts with the first 4 words in bold and italics – those have been written by the author in painstaking detail. However, if a paragraph does not start with bold and italics, feel free to skip it because it is gibberish auto-generated by the good folks at SCIGen.
  • One section of the paper consists entirely of dialogues from the movie “My Cousin Vinny.”
  • And the conclusion section of the paper actually has this: And we’ve managed to reference Hilbert, HHGTTG, Sholay, My Cousin Vinny, Jeff Naughton, the Wisconsin Database Performance Paper, Xeno’s paradox, Meeta Kabra and the wogma.com website, and we even referenced the Sokal Affair in the heading of the paper (actually in the name of the institute that the authors are from, but you get what I mean, right?) proving once and for all that nobody has read this paper.

And this paper, was not just accepted, but also published in the conference proceedings. From early morning of 29th December (IST) to 11am of 30th December (IST), the paper was listed on the conference website and you could actually download from there. As expected, a few hours after this story broke on 30th December, the paper disappeared from the conference website without a trace. We were expecting this, so here is a long list of people who downloaded the paper form the IRAJ website, on December 29 and morning of December 30 2013, and confirmed that the paper indeed contained nonsense. (Note: we tried to get the Wayback Machine to archive the paper, but due to the way the Wayback Machine works, the updated page has gotten archived.)

Is it just a case of low standards?

One science reporter suggested on twitter that maybe this is a case of a conference so desperate for papers that rejection rates are low. Someone else suggested that this might simply be a case of a conference that has no review process, so anything is published.

Not quite. The organizers are clearly claiming that there was an expert review process for acceptance into the conference. For each of the two papers we submitted, they first sent one email saying that the paper had been sent for review. Later we received an ACCEPTANCE LETTER which appeared to indicate that the paper had been accepted based on 4 review scores. Note: we never received any actual review feedback from any reviewer – this point becomes relevant below.

Just to confirm that there was no misunderstanding of the process followed by the conference, I landed up at the conference with a journalist from Pune Mid-Day, and we interviewed the organizers about the conference.

The organizers made the following claims (which I managed to audio record on my phone):

  • The conference received 130 submissions out of which only 60 were selected.
  • All the papers were reviewed by panelists from a panel of international experts using a double-blind review methodology.
  • Only high quality papers were accepted
  • All accepted papers were sent reviews from at least 3 reviewers each and the authors were then asked to update the papers based on the review comments. (No such thing happened with the 2 papers we submitted to the conference.)

Who are affected by such conferences?

When I went to the conference, I found about a dozen delegates who all had papers to present, and most of them were M.E. or M.Tech. students from various parts of the country. There were 2 students who had come all the way from Odisha to Pune just for this conference. One of them had brought his mother along for the conference too. Two students had come from Solapur. There students from local Pune colleges too. All of them had paid the conference registration fees, and the travel costs from their own pocket. All of them were publishing because it was a requirement for their degree.

I had gone to the conference with the intention of making a ridiculous presentation along the lines of my ridiculous paper, and create a scene at the conference with the reporter and photographer from Mid-Day. However, after seeing the sincere faces of all the students there, I just couldn’t make myself do it. Instead of introducing myself as an author of a paper, I introduced myself as a reporter from PuneTech.com and joined the Mid-Day reporter in interviewing the organizers. I just stayed long enough to record the statements of the organizers and left.

How did I get involved in this?

Two years ago, I was an external advisor for a B.E. Project. My students told me that the University has a requirement that all B.E. Projects must be published in an international conference. This is such a patently ridiculous requirement that I tried to convince them that they must be mistaken. However, I couldn’t convince them.

So, I tried to prepare them for failure by pointing out that an average or even above-average B.E. Project report is not of the quality that can get published in a good conference. Imagine my surprise when the paper actually got accepted. And nothing I could do could prevent my students from paying Rs. 6500 as registration fees and going all the way to Kanyakumari using their own money to present at that conference.

This convinced me that misguided policies are forcing students into paying money to get papers published in conferences with low or non-existent quality standards. And I was sure that there must be many such conferences. And I needed to do something about this issue.

Ever since that happened, I’ve been waiting for one such conference to come to Pune so that I could prove, beyond any doubt, that these conferences accept anything as long as you are willing to pay the registration fees.

Update: as far as I know, it is not a university requirement that BE Projects must be published – that was just probably a case of a few colleges misguiding students. However it either is a mandatory requirement for ME/MTech, or lots of colleges are telling the students that it is a requirement.

Is this issue important?

Is this really an issue worth getting worked up over?

As far as we understand, all M.E. and M.Tech. students in the country are required to publish at least two papers, otherwise they cannot get their degree. This results in a country full of desperate students who have no choice but to pay for getting published at conferences like this one.

The conference organizers told us that:

  • The organization which held this conference has been in operation for 3-1/2 years
  • In that period they have held over 120+ such events
  • Each event has had an average of 30 to 50 presenters
  • They operate our of 4 major centers in India – Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai, and I forgot the 4th.

This is just one organization. I’m sure there must be many more such organizations all over the country.

In the past, we have heard of some colleges who told the students that it was mandatory for undergraduate (B.E.) students to also have published their B.E. project in an international conference. On a similar note, the organizers of this conference very passionately told us that they would like this to become a mandatory requirement across all the undergraduate engineering colleges in the country. Which of course would increase the size of the problem by an order of magnitude. I’m sure some bureaucrat sitting in some office is giving this some serious thought.

What to do?

My original intention of doing this was to spread awareness amongst students about the true nature of such conferences.

But now, after having gone through the experience, I am a bit depressed. I don’t know how awareness about this issue is going to help.

  • Even if students are aware of the issues, it is still very difficult to figure out whether any given conference indeed has high quality standards and a good peer/expert review process or not.
  • Even if there was an easy method of being able to distinguish between good conferences and bad ones, what are the students expected to do? They can’t graduate without publications.

The root of all evil is this stupid rule that mandates that all M.E./M.Tech. students must have two publications. Until that is changed, this sort of a thing will continue to thrive. (Note: I don’t really know for sure whether there is indeed such a rule, and whether it is applicable to all colleges in India – I’m just repeating what I heard from the students and the organizers of that conference.)

The more I dig into our education system, the more depressed I become.

23 thoughts on “How I published a fake paper, and why it is the fault of our education system”

  1. Hi.
    I am extremely happy to come across this blog. I actually sent my paper to them for their Hyderabad conference. They said that PG students are required to pay 7500 rupees. I was doing some background check on this website before further processing of my paper and came across this. Thanks for saving my money and time. Your help is appreciated.
    Genuine thanks.
    Regards

  2. I am extremely glad that someone took the initiative and did something like this to expose this horrible education system. This really is pathetic.
    Sadly, as you mentioned, it is difficult to change the student mentality about the reality of these things.
    I grew up abroad, and had always heard that indian engineering colleges give students a lot of knowledge. But i disagree now after my own experiences and especially after reading this article.
    Cheers and good work

  3. How should one decide the authenticity and reputation of such journals and conferences. Because, if you visit IRAJ’s website, it’s pretty much convincing. After checking their board members, one can get easily fooled, especially undergrads. And as it is like an achievement to get your paper selected at an under-graduation level, students go for it even if they know the truth.

    1. @Sadanand,
      Unfortunately, this is not an easy task. This is why I feel that any research should be done with a guide/advisor who really knows the field – someone like that would know at a glance whether a journal/conference is any good.

  4. Just want to share my story.
    My case is different. Only 4 more days till deadline of submission of dissertation and still have no proper data and results! Now, Im thinking of faking my data hope it could go through. My adviser was never a help and did everything on my own. I have no guts to publish my work really if all the data are fake. I hate my university so much because of my adviser although half of it was my fault for slacking off. I’m so glad I’m not the only one with a fake paper.

    1. @Presey, I’m glad that you’re not just blaming the adviser and University; but are willing to take on some of the blame yourself. That’s a good sign; and makes me think that you’ll be able to solve your problems and do better in the future. A career is a long time – there is always lots of time to make course corrections, improve your processes to improve your chances of success. Don’t give up on being good/honest, and don’t give up on yourself. Good luck.

    1. @Mahi,
      It’s not easy to tell if you are not a researcher in this field. However, the website of this conference does not fill me with confidence. Their areas of interest are too broad, and the number of different conferences they run in widely different areas is not a good sign either.

  5. Please check this list of “predatory publishers” (which is the term used internationally). A predatory publisher will publish anything as long as fees are paid. They try to convince that they are serious publishers, but, no peer review is done and hence anything will be published.

    http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/

    Stay away from them and don’t feed them any money. Internationally no students publish their B.Sc. theses, and only very few M.Sc. (M.Tech.) students do, only those on special research-tracks are (sometimes) required to publish, but, those research tracks are very focused and with professors who are leaders in their fields, using the students to complete work that they would otherwise have to do themselves (i.e. students that get a lot of guidance in state-of-the-art research problems defined by/done by the professors).

  6. It is a money haggling system and rather shameful rule of our shitty overrated Pune University. All these publications don’t have any real value in the things that actually make a difference.

  7. Nice experiment. You took the right eye opening step. Many conferences held in this country and most of them do this type of job. But you action revealed that they even don’t read the paper single time, they are only doing their bussiness in the name of conferenes. Even these money looting organizations have started to publish low quality paid journals. I was surprised to see in google scholar that one of my conference paper has been published in such journal with only one line change : author’s name. I though a lot on everything, on every problem, and found that the root cause is our education system. Please read my view on -Why is India lag behind the world in research and technology? at http://blogs.rediff.com/upashu1/.
    Thanks for such nice work.

    1. Thanks for the concern! Having a little bit of experience with such things, I was very careful to ensure that the article only contains factual statements that I can back up with proof. Nowhere have I made any potentially defamatory statements about the conference itself.

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